Gōngmèng 公孟

A chapter recording a series of debates between Mòzǐ and the Confucian thinker Gōng Mèng. Topics include ritual, fate, ghosts, innovation, and the role of the scholar. Unlike Fēi Rú, which attacks Confucianism from a distance, Gōngmèng presents philosophical disagreement as a live process of questioning, clarification, and rebuttal. It is one of the most important sources for the study of Mohist dialectical argument in action.